The majority of pre-doctoral opportunities are at universities and public-sector research institutions like the Federal Reserve.  In recent years, there has been a growing trend of pre-docs in private industry. There are many firms that wish to employ PhDs, so they have developed pre-doc programs to help guide people toward that degree.  The core strength of these pre-doctoral opportunities--exposure to world-class researchers, work in coding and data analysis, networking for a future research career--remain the same as those in universities, even as their corporate contexts bring their own unique strengths for applied empirical research.  Here are several major pre-doc programs in private industry that are partnered with the PREDOC Consortium.

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Goldman Sachs

The Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research team produces innovative research on firms, economies, industries, currencies, and commodities.

Goldman Sachs

There is an immense diversity of career opportunities for those who study economics.  For more opportunities even outside of the pre-doc track, visit the National Association for Business Economics (NABE) page on career resources.